Context Windows Explained: How Much Can an AI Read at Once?
What an AI model's context window is, why long chats get worse, what happens when you hit the limit, and practical ways to work…
Read article →LLMs
How large language models work, run and fail.
🧠
← AI & ML
LLMs
How large language models work, run and fail.
📄 9 articles⬇️ 3 with practice files🕒 Updated 12 Nov 2026
🎓 Start here: Vibe Coding Course → 🎓 Start here: AI Agents & RAG Course → 🎓 Start here: AI for Office Work Course →Tokens Explained: Why AI Models Count Pieces of Words
Tokens Explained: Why AI Models Count Pieces of Words
AI models read and write tokens, not words. What a token is, why Hindi and code use more of them, how tokens decide price…
Read article →Meta Llama Models Explained: Llama 1, 2, 3 and 4 — What Changed Each Time
Meta Llama Models Explained: Llama 1, 2, 3 and 4 — What Changed Each Time
A clear history of Meta’s open-weight Llama models: Llama 1 (2023) to Llama 4 Scout and Maverick (2025), with sizes, context length, licences, what…
Read article →AI Models Compared: GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama, DeepSeek, Qwen, Mistral and More
AI Models Compared: GPT, Claude, Gemini, Llama, DeepSeek, Qwen, Mistral and More
A practical guide to today’s popular AI model families — OpenAI GPT, Anthropic Claude, Google Gemini, Meta Llama, DeepSeek, Qwen, Mistral, Gemma, Kimi and…
Read article →From GPT-1 to GPT-5: The Complete History of OpenAI’s GPT and ChatGPT
From GPT-1 to GPT-5: The Complete History of OpenAI’s GPT and ChatGPT
How OpenAI’s GPT models evolved — GPT-1, GPT-2, GPT-3, ChatGPT, GPT-4, GPT-4o, the o-series reasoning models, open-weight gpt-oss and GPT-5 — with what each…
Read article →Why AI Chatbots Make Things Up (and 6 Ways to Catch It)
Why AI Chatbots Make Things Up (and 6 Ways to Catch It)
LLM "hallucinations" explained simply: why a next-token predictor can sound confident and still be wrong, and six practical habits to catch fabricated facts, formulas…
Read article →Run an LLM on Your Own Laptop with Ollama (Private, Free, Offline)
Run an LLM on Your Own Laptop with Ollama (Private, Free, Offline)
Install Ollama, run open models like Llama and Qwen locally, call them from Python and Excel-friendly scripts, and create a custom model with a…
Read article →LoRA Fine-Tuning Explained: Teach an LLM New Tricks on One GPU
LoRA Fine-Tuning Explained: Teach an LLM New Tricks on One GPU
How LoRA fine-tuning works, why it trains less than 1% of a model’s parameters, when fine-tuning beats prompting or RAG, and a minimal Hugging…
Read article →Temperature and Top-p Explained: Why the Same Prompt Gives Different Answers
Temperature and Top-p Explained: Why the Same Prompt Gives Different Answers
What the temperature and top-p settings in AI models actually do, with a worked numeric example, and which values to use for code, data…
Read article →