The first program to learn to play a game improved by playing against itself — in the 1950s.

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Arthur Samuel’s checkers program at IBM learned from experience, including games against itself. Samuel popularised the term “machine learning” in 1959.

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Alan Turing’s famous test was originally called “the imitation game”.The 2012 neural network that changed computer vision was trained on two gaming graphics cards.<span class="aj-year">1950</span>The Turing test was proposed in 1950.