Loans, EMIs, SIP returns, NPV, IRR, depreciation and bond maths, with Indian examples. This page lists all 56 of them; each links to a full lesson with an example you can copy and a practice file.
ACCRINTACCRINT calculates interest that has built up on a bond — the amount a buyer pays the seller…ACCRINTMACCRINTM returns interest accrued on a security that pays all its interest at maturity, such as a cumulative…AMORDEGRCAMORDEGRC returns depreciation for each period using the French degressive method with coefficients (for French accounting). Most users…AMORLINCAMORLINC returns straight-line depreciation for an accounting period, prorating the first period by purchase date (French accounting system).COUPDAYBSCOUPDAYBS counts days from the last coupon date to the settlement date: the accrued-interest days. Used for bond…COUPDAYSCOUPDAYS returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains settlement. Used for bond pricing and…COUPDAYSNCCOUPDAYSNC counts days from settlement to the next coupon date. Used for bond pricing and accrued interest on…COUPNCDCOUPNCD returns the next coupon date after settlement — useful for cash-flow calendars of a bond portfolio.COUPNUMCOUPNUM counts coupon payments remaining.COUPPCDCOUPPCD returns the last coupon date before settlement. Used for bond pricing and accrued interest on half-yearly coupons.CUMIPMTCUMIPMT totals the interest paid between two payment numbers — e.g. for one financial year. CUMPRINC does the…CUMPRINCCUMPRINC totals the principal part of loan payments between two periods — how much of the loan you…DBDB calculates depreciation using a fixed-rate declining balance derived from cost, salvage and life, with an optional first-year…DDBDDB front-loads depreciation: more in early years, less later. It suits laptops and vehicles that lose value fast.DISCDISC works out the discount rate when you know the purchase price and redemption value — commercial paper,…DOLLARDEDOLLARDE converts prices quoted in fractions (like 1 and 2/16) into decimals — still seen in some bond…DOLLARFRDOLLARFR is the reverse of DOLLARDE: 1.125 with fraction 16 becomes 1.02 (1 and 2/16).DURATIONDURATION returns Macaulay duration in years. Roughly, a bond with duration 7 loses about 7% in price if…EFFECTEFFECT converts a nominal annual rate into the effective rate after compounding. NOMINAL does the reverse.EUROCONVERTEUROCONVERT converts between the euro and former national currencies (DEM, FRF, ITL …) at the fixed 1999-2002 rates.…FVFV returns what regular investments (like a SIP or RD) grow to at a fixed rate.FVSCHEDULEFVSCHEDULE compounds an amount through a list of different rates — FD renewals, varying annual returns.INTRATEINTRATE returns the annualised return when you invest an amount and receive a larger amount at maturity, with…IPMTIPMT returns how much of a given EMI is interest; PPMT returns the principal part. Together they always…IRRIRR returns the rate at which the NPV of regular, equally spaced cash flows is zero. For irregular…ISPMTISPMT calculates interest for a loan where the principal is repaid in equal parts (not an EMI). Note…MDURATIONMDURATION estimates the percentage price change for a 1% change in yield — the number fund managers quote.MIRRMIRR fixes IRR's optimistic assumption that cash is reinvested at the IRR itself, using separate finance and reinvestment…NOMINALNOMINAL reverses EFFECT: it tells you the quoted annual rate behind an effective yield.NPERNPER returns the number of periods needed to repay a loan or reach a savings goal.NPVNPV discounts future cash flows to today’s value at a given rate — the core of investment appraisal.ODDFPRICEODDFPRICE prices a bond whose first coupon period is shorter or longer than normal.ODDFYIELDODDFYIELD returns the yield of a bond with an irregular first period.ODDLPRICEODDLPRICE prices a bond whose last coupon period is irregular.ODDLYIELDODDLYIELD returns the yield of a bond with an irregular last period.PDURATIONPDURATION returns how many periods an investment needs to grow to a target at a given rate (lump…PMTPMT calculates the fixed periodic payment for a loan — the EMI on home, car and personal loans.PPMTPPMT returns the principal repaid by a specific EMI.PRICEPRICE returns a bond’s price per 100 face value. When market yield rises above the coupon, price falls…PRICEDISCPRICEDISC returns the price per 100 of a discounted security such as a T-bill or commercial paper.PRICEMATPRICEMAT returns the price per 100 of a security that pays interest at maturity.PVPV returns today's value of future payments at a discount rate — how much loan an EMI can…RATERATE works out the interest rate from the loan amount, EMI and term — useful for checking “0%…RECEIVEDRECEIVED calculates what you get back at maturity for a discounted security.RRIRRI returns the constant growth rate needed to go from a start value to an end value —…SLNSLN returns equal depreciation for each period of an asset's life.SYDSYD is another accelerated method, gentler than DDB. For a 5-year life the fractions are 5/15, 4/15, 3/15…TBILLEQTBILLEQ converts a T-bill discount rate into a bond-equivalent yield, so you can compare it with coupon bonds…TBILLPRICETBILLPRICE returns the price per 100 of a T-bill from its discount rate (US convention, 360-day year).TBILLYIELDTBILLYIELD returns the yield of a T-bill from its price.VDBVDB returns declining-balance depreciation between any two periods and, by default, switches to straight-line when that gives more…XIRRXIRR returns the annualised return for cash flows on specific dates — the right way to measure SIP…XNPVXNPV discounts cash flows that happen on irregular dates — more accurate than NPV for real projects.YIELDYIELD is the reverse of PRICE: what annual return you lock in if you buy at today’s price…YIELDDISCYIELDDISC returns the annual yield of a discounted security such as a T-bill.YIELDMATYIELDMAT returns the yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.