GESTEP Function in Excel: Is It at Least the Threshold?
GESTEP returns 1 if a number is greater than or equal to a step value, otherwise 0 — SUM it to count values over…
Read article →BETAINV Function in Excel: Inverse Beta (Older Name)
BETAINV Function in Excel: Inverse Beta (Older Name)
BETAINV returns the value at a beta probability. It is a compatibility function: Excel keeps it so workbooks from Excel 2007 and earlier still…
Read article →Meta Llama Models Explained: Llama 1, 2, 3 and 4 — What Changed Each Time
Meta Llama Models Explained: Llama 1, 2, 3 and 4 — What Changed Each Time
A clear history of Meta’s open-weight Llama models: Llama 1 (2023) to Llama 4 Scout and Maverick (2025), with sizes, context length, licences, what…
Read article →ERFC Function in Excel: Complementary Error Function
ERFC Function in Excel: Complementary Error Function
EngineeringLevel: ExpertAvailable in: Excel 2007+ERFC returns 1 - ERF(x): the tail beyond x.Syntax=ERFC(x)ArgumentWhat it meansxValueExamplesExample.
Read article →GAUSS Function in Excel: Probability Between the Mean and z
GAUSS Function in Excel: Probability Between the Mean and z
GAUSS returns the probability that a standard normal value falls between the mean and z standard deviations: NORM.S.DIST(z) - 0.5.
Read article →SAP Posting Periods: Why You Can’t Post in a Closed Month
SAP Posting Periods: Why You Can’t Post in a Closed Month
The "posting period not open" error explained: what posting period variants are, how finance opens and closes months (OB52), separate material periods (MMPV), and…
Read article →How a Neural Network Learns, Explained With a Spreadsheet
How a Neural Network Learns, Explained With a Spreadsheet
Build a single neuron in Excel: weights, bias, activation, error and gradient descent — step by step with formulas, so the idea behind deep…
Read article →Z.TEST Function in Excel: One-Sample z-Test
Z.TEST Function in Excel: One-Sample z-Test
Z.TEST returns the one-tailed p-value for whether a sample mean is higher than a claimed value.
Read article →PHI Function in Excel: Standard Normal Density
PHI Function in Excel: Standard Normal Density
PHI returns the height of the standard normal curve at z, the same as NORM.S.DIST(z, FALSE).
Read article →WEIBULL.DIST Function in Excel: Weibull Distribution for Failure Times
WEIBULL.DIST Function in Excel: Weibull Distribution for Failure Times
WEIBULL.DIST models time to failure: the chance a machine part fails within x hours.
Read article →CHOOSEROWS Function in Excel: Pick Specific Rows
CHOOSEROWS Function in Excel: Pick Specific Rows
CHOOSEROWS returns the rows you specify — first, last, or any list of positions.
Read article →HYPGEOMDIST Function in Excel: Hypergeometric (Older Name)
HYPGEOMDIST Function in Excel: Hypergeometric (Older Name)
HYPGEOMDIST returns the probability of k successes when sampling without replacement. It is a compatibility function: Excel keeps it so workbooks from Excel 2007…
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