IF, IFS, AND, OR, SWITCH and LET — decisions and conditions inside formulas. This page lists all 20 of them; each links to a full lesson with an example you can copy and a practice file.
ANDAND returns TRUE when every condition is TRUE. It is almost always used inside IF.BYCOLBYCOL is BYROW turned sideways: one result per column.BYROWBYROW runs a LAMBDA on each row of an array and returns one result per row — row…FALSEFALSE() returns the logical value FALSE, most often seen as the exact-match argument in VLOOKUP.IFIF checks a condition and returns one value if it is TRUE and another if it is FALSE.IFERRORIFERROR returns your chosen value when a formula results in any error (#N/A, #DIV/0!, #VALUE!…), otherwise the normal…IFNAIFNA replaces only #N/A — the “not found” result of lookups — and lets real errors show.IFSIFS checks conditions in order and returns the value for the first TRUE one — cleaner than nesting…ISOMITTEDISOMITTED is used inside LAMBDA to give optional parameters default values.LAMBDALAMBDA turns a formula into a reusable custom function. Save it in Name Manager and use it like…LETLET assigns names to calculations inside a formula, so long formulas become readable and repeated parts are calculated…MAKEARRAYMAKEARRAY builds an array of a given size, computing each cell from its row and column number.MAPMAP applies a LAMBDA to every item of one or more arrays and returns an array of results.NOTNOT flips TRUE to FALSE and back — useful for “everything except” conditions.OROR returns TRUE if at least one condition is TRUE.REDUCEREDUCE is SCAN that returns only the final result — useful for repeated clean-up steps.SCANSCAN walks through an array carrying an accumulator and returns every intermediate result — running totals, running balances,…SWITCHSWITCH compares one value with a list and returns the matching result — cleaner than nested IFs for…TRUETRUE() returns the logical value TRUE. You can also just type TRUE; the function form exists for compatibility.XORXOR returns TRUE when an odd number of conditions are TRUE — with two conditions, “one or the…